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What is Peronism?

By Ken Ingraham

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Published: 08Feb2012
Word count: 490
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Before you attend Spanish classes in Argentina, you may have never heard of Peronism. However, it is useful to understand this political movement before heading to Latin America. Due to the fact that the country's current president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner is a member, the issue of Peronism may very well come up when you learn Spanish in Buenos Aires. The movement is based on issues associated with Juan Domingo Peron and his wife Eva Peron. Groups from different political parties have supported and continue to support Peron's ideas.

There is some debate about the actual definition of Peronism, as it has meant different things at different periods of time. Clearly, not everyone is in favor of Peron's politics. In fact, he was sometimes associated with supporting fascist regimes. For example, he stated outright that he supported Benito Mussolini. Of course, many people in Argentina, especially Argentinean Jews, were quite wary of this issue. Additionally, critics feel that Peronism almost destroyed the country on multiple occasions.

However, even though Juan Peron supported Mussolini, he is not believed to be prejudiced against Jews. In fact, during his presidency, he even asked members of Argentina's large Jewish community to be in the government. It was a bit of a contradiction that although Peron supported the Axis powers, he was not anti-Semitic and even supported Jewish rights.

Those who support Peronism are in favor of the fact that it is populist movement, and looks out for the people's interests. In theory, Peronism looked to go beyond both capitalistic and socialistic extremes. When he made speeches, they tended to be nationalistic and populist.

Ultimately, Peron lived in exile in Spain. In the 1960's, people continued to support Peromism including organizations like the Peronist Youth, Frete Revolucionario Peronista and Revolutionary Peronist Youth.

The Justicialist Party, often referred to as PJ, is the official Peronist Party today. Many Argentinean citizens do not like the fact that the current president of the country, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, is a member. However, this party has dominated congress since 1989. It is clear that Peronism has been a huge movement over the years, as Peron was elected to be president three times.

When you plan to attend Spanish classes in Argentina, it is important to understand Peronism, especially since this is likely the most powerful movement in recent history of Argentina. The movement is controversial, as although it seeks to assist the poor and working class, it is also considered to be fascist movement. You may hear people discussing these controversial issues as the current president has been criticized for wanting more state control. The government has also been seen to have a bias against business. Regardless of what you personally think about Peronism, when you learn Spanish in Buenos Aires, you will be able to learn more about this movement and the country's politics in general.

ECELA's Spanish language school in Buenos Aires, Argentina is open 52 weeks per year, with class size never more than seven. Cultural activities and visits are an integral part of learning Spanish in Argentina.

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