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The Facts About Air Compressors

By Mallory Kramer

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Published: 07Aug2009
Word count: 878
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An air compressor is a device built to compress or consolidate air inside a tank. Air compressors work fairly similarly to the way our lungs work when we hold our breath and, perhaps, blow up a balloon. The air is pulled and compressed in the tank (like air in our lungs) increasing the air's pressure and decreasing its volume. When using the tool, the compressed air releases through a hose in a steady, powerful stream - like from our lungs and out of our pursed lips in a bursting stream of air. In compressors, the air pressure inside the tank will continue to increase until it reaches a preset pressure limit. The tool's pressure limit varies from high to low with the type and size of your compressor. Air compressors also feature a regulator that is set to compliment the specific tool's and application's required pressure.

Compresses are used for a variety of purposes from powering pneumatic or power tools (like nailers, and staplers) blowing dust and debris off/out of those power tools, or as an inflation device for tires, flotation devices, and etc. Available in a variety of sizes and capacities, air compressors are versatile and surprisingly long-lasting; a good model could certainly last a lifetime if properly cared for. Using compressor powered pneumatic tools offers a number of benefits; pneumatically powered tools tend to be more brawny than those powered with strictly electricity, they offer greater torque and higher RPM for quick work and rapid firing. Pneumatic tools also offer an environmentally friendly alternative to toxic battery waste.

There are two types of air compressor, gas or electric, but each of these types is available with a few variations. Some compressors are small and portable, others are very large and stationary - the amount of power your compressor has generally coincides with its size. These large, stationary compressors are best suited for industrial applications and can be used by more that one person simultaneously. Compressors also vary from single stage to two stages; a two stage motor has the ability to change speeds during more constant and rigorous actions - essentially a two stage motor works harder when you need it to. Lastly, some compressors require oil lubrication while others run entirely without oil. Oil lubricated compressors tend to run more quietly; they do, however, require oil changes, operation on a flat, level surface, and may release an oil mist into the air which is highly ill-suited for applications like painting. Although many craftsmen prefer to use oil-lubed compressors because they tend to last longer and run quieter (as with any other type) they may not be practical for some applications.

Gas powered compressors are optimal on jobsites or construction zones that have not yet been outfitted with electrical power. These compressors provide the power and speed of pneumatic tools without the need for power cords or electricity. Gas compressors must, however, be used in open and well ventilated areas. Electric compressors are generally the best choice for home and shop use. They tend to run more quietly and don't stink up the joint, if you will, with a gas motor.

Keeping your air compressor well maintained will truly determine how long your compressor will keep on kicking. There are a few simple steps to ensuring your compressor remains in optimal condition, and you certainly won't regret the time you spend caring for your tool. The compression that occurs in the air tanks of your compressor causes moisture to accumulate inside those tanks. That moisture, in turn, runs the risk of rusting out the tanks, and potentially destroying a paint mixture (if used with a paint sprayer). On the bottom of the compressor there is a moisture release valve; it is crucial to release this valve with every use, this should prevent rust or other water damage. An in-line filter can also be be purchased for any compressor to eliminate water mist in your air lines.

Its important to inspect your compressors; periodically check and tighten any fasteners, make sure your air filters are running clean and replace them when necessary, check your hoses often for breaks, cracks, or leaks and be prepared to replace them when needed as well. Its also important to be certain that the compressors safety valve is functional. The safety valve (either automatically or manually) releases air should the compressor become over-pressurized; a vital feature, so be sure its operational or have it repaired. If you have an oil-lubed compressor, check the oil levels before each use to make sure the tool is properly lubricated. Change the oil as the manufacturer recommends. As far as cleanliness is concerned, its always beneficial to keep all your tools clean as a whistle and especially important to keep the compressor's intake vents clean and clear. If you have a gas compressor you may also consider periodically cleaning the fuel tank for good measure.

A good compressor is a superior tool, and can truly take the edge off a jobsite or home-repair project. With unmatched speed and power a compressor and their partnering pneumatic tools will change the way you build. Love your compressor, purchase the model that best suits you, keep it well-maintained, and your compressor will work as hard as you do.

A student at the Univ. of UT, Mallory Kramer is earning an English degree. She joined M&M Tool 3 yrs ago adding to their over 150 years combined experience; she specializes in tool parts & web communications. For over 60 years M&M Tool has provided the best service to the tool industry with parts, sales, & service to expert woodworking products, tools, & machinery. Visit M&M Tool's woodworking forum for professional articles, advice, & info.

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