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How To Tell If A Volcano Is Really Extinct

By Mary Smith

Republish: EasyPublish™ Published: 11Oct2008 Word count: 807 Viewed: 2155 time(s) Get Free Content For Your Site

Situated in central France is the delightful, seemingly tranquil region known as the Auvergne. This is a land sculpted by volcanic eruptions and glacial power to create a green, abundant landscape full of big skies and crater lakes. Often likened to the Scottish Highlands or the English Lake District there is one small but potentially very important difference - the high peaks of the Auvergne are sleeping volcanoes!

The 'Parc Naturel Régional des Volcans d'Auvergne', contains France's largest concentration of recently active volcanoes. Although the volcanoes have not erupted since just after the last ice-age (about 15 000 years ago) they are still classed as recently active and not extinct. Indeed, volcanic activity was still occurring as recently as 3 500 years ago in the Chaine des Puys.

The main volcanic areas are known as the 'Massifs' and there are four of them - Chaîne des Puys (highest peak - Puy de Dôme, 1465m/4792ft high), - Monts Dore (highest peak - Puy de Sancy, 1886m/6188ft high), - Monts du Cézallier (highest peak - Signal du Luguet, 1551m/5089ft high) - Monts du Cantal (highest peak - Plomb du Cantal, 1855m/6086 ft high)

They are considered to be the most spectacular and popular of the volcanoes situated in the Auvergne. It is worth asking ourselves if the thousands of tourists who visit these magnificent, sleeping giants each year actually realise that we still have 5 000 years to wait before they will be officially classified as extinct.

These, as well as several other volcanoes, were created from one monumental volcano which is thought to have measured up to 3000 metres in height. The region is of eminent interest to geologists who make up a sizeable percentage of the Auvergne's tourists per year. The volcanic activity has created an array of elaborate formations which consists of solidified lava flows filling valleys to result in dammed streams and rivers which form lakes and waterfalls of rock. The lava flows in the Auvergne are thought to only be rivalled by similar formations situated in Alaska and New Zealand. Glaciers and peat land can also be found in the region as well as a wide variety of plants and animals.

The Chaîne des Puys extends for 40 km north to south. Just west of the city of Clermont Ferrand, it lies on a granite plateau at an altitude of 900metres. It is characterised by the linear positioning of 80 volcanoes, all taking different forms.

How can you actually tell if a volcano is dormant or extinct? Volcanologists study and classify volcanoes according to their activity. With special instruments they can determine if pressure in the volcano is building up. They check to see if the top of the volcano is plugged with cooled lava. There are three different classifications of volcanic activity: active, dormant or extinct. An active volcano is one that has erupted recently or might erupt soon. Active volcanoes are watched very closely so people and animals in the area can be moved to a save place.

A dormant volcano or sleeping volcano is a volcano that has been quiet for a long time (and this could be many thousands of years), but still has signs it may erupt again. A volcano becomes dormant when the vent is blocked by hardened lava, called a plug, or if the magma seeps back under the earth's crust. Volcanoes can be dormant for hundreds, even thousands) of years. Then suddenly a volcano will erupt again. The eruption is usually very violent. The plug of a dormant volcano stops the magma from rising. Then pressure under the plug builds up, so the plug gives away and a large eruption is caused. The volcano is then classified again as an active volcano.

An extinct volcano is one that has not erupted for thousands of years. Sometimes it is hard to tell if a volcano is dormant or extinct. They will be listed as dormant until volcanologists are sure there will be no more eruptions. Even then, it has been known for 'extinct' volcanoes to erupt unexpectedly.

For the moment, the volcanoes of the Auvergne provide a spectacular summer and winter holiday destination; whether skiing, hiking, biking, rock-climbing or hang-gliding the volcanic landscape provides physical challenges and breathtaking vistas. The volcanic nature of the area causes numerous forms of springs, including hot, whose water is particularly rich in minerals. People often come for a 'cure' (to 'take the waters') as it is thought to have healing properties.

You can never really tell if a volcano is extinct, even if you are equipped with all the science and the instruments. In their immense history, the volcanoes of the Auvergne have experienced long periods of calm followed by spectacular eruptions and even an Ice Age managed to make its mark on this beautiful region. Let's enjoy it while we can!

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